Geology is a sub-field of Earth sciences which deals with the study of solid matter making up the Earth such as rocks, gemstones and soil as well. Geology involves the study of composition, physical properties, structure, history as well as the processes which constitute the Earth's components. Hence, geology comes under Earth sciences. The determination of the Earth’s lithosphere is credited to geology which includes the fragmented tectonic places of the crust which move above the upper mantle due to certain process which collectively are often termed as plate tectonics. Geologists locate the natural resources of the Earth and also manage them such as coal, petroleum and also metals such as uranium, iron and copper. More economic interests in the field of geology include the locating of gemstones and rare minerals such as perlite, asbestos, zeolites, quartz, mica, phosphates, silica, pumice as well as locations of elements such as helium and chlorine. Geology is not restricted in its own field but rather helps in the applied fields of soil mechanics, environmental engineering, civil engineering, hydrology and also geohazards.

Geology has many sub-disciplines, for instance, planetary geology which at times is also referred as Astrogeology. Planetary geology deals with the application and implementation of geologic fundamentals to other solar bodies in the solar system. Even in planetary geology, there are certain specialized terms such as areology which is the geology of mars or selenology which is the study of the moon. All geology term as well as research papers are significantly written in APA style.